舒溪,源出九华山天华峰西坡,自东向西依次穿越山地、丘陵、盆地三大地形区,最后流入九华河,全长15千米。舒溪融合周边的山形地貌,构成了一幅由奇峰峻岭、嶙峋怪石、纵横深涧、飞泻银瀑所组成的山水画卷。两岸居民祖祖辈辈与舒溪相伴,依舒溪生存,为舒溪赞美。舒溪是一条生命之溪,又是一条旅游观光、徒步探险之溪。
Originating from the western slope of Tianhua Peak, the Shuxi Stream of 15 km in length flows across the mountain, hill and basin, and finally into Jiuhua River. The Shuxi Stream catchment is a spectacular painting of landscape consisting of peaks, steep mountains, jagged rocks, valleys, pouring waterfalls and plant vegetation. The local residents survive here generation after generation, live on the stream, praise it. Now Shuxi Stream is a stream of tourism, sightseeing and expedition.
上禅堂建筑有山门殿、大雄宝殿、韦驮殿、客堂、寮房等。
上禅堂旁侧有金沙泉,水质清沥。据传唐时还曾植有数株金钱树,大诗人李白用金沙泉水酿金钱树叶为酒,味极甘醉,誉为“九华三宝”之一,被后世传为佳话。
古人游上禅堂,称其有“三最”:即“九华香火甲天下,惟上禅堂最贫;风景惟上禅堂最佳;院宇惟上禅堂最丽。”现已被“最幽、最丽、最佳”所代替而名闻佛山。
1983年,上禅堂被定为汉族地区全国重点寺院。现任住持为释果卓。
九华山地质公园有小型的次生地质灾害,包括小型崩塌体和泥石流堆积等。本处为崩塌隐患治理点。该隐患点是在修路过程中引起的岩体不稳定。为防止崩塌的发生,实施了消除松动岩石,并加固斜坡,挂置防护网等工程措施。同时由广胜村负责对该隐患点进行巡查和监测工作。
In the Jiuhuashan Geopark, there are some small-sized secondary geohazards including little collapses and debris flows. Here is a collapse control site. The collapse is caused by road construction. In order to prevent collapse, some engineering measures have been taken, such as removing loose rocks, reinforcing slopes and installing protective screening. Guangsheng Village is responsible for patrolling and monitoring the collapse here.
位于东崖西麓,九华街东南端,安徽省重点寺院。始建于清初,为化城寺东序寮房之一。1988年住持比丘尼仁义重修,恢复道场,香火日盛。该寺坐东朝西,由5座民居式殿宇组成,新建有宫殿式大雄宝殿。依山就势,高低错落,翠绿拥抱,环境清幽。比丘尼仁义,俗姓姜名素敏,1911年生,辽宁沈阳人。自幼与佛有缘,幼年时边读书边到庙里听诵经,能背诵《心经》、《大悲咒》。年轻时潜心医学,主攻中医针灸。1940年到五台山出家,法名仁义。
1950年报名参加中国人民志愿军,援朝抗美,战地行医。1953年回国后,从事医疗工作。1982年再赴五台山受具足戒。1985年朝礼九华,后又云游四方。1995年返回九华山,住持通慧庵。1995年11月28日圆寂(85岁),其徒思善遵嘱将遗体坐缸存放,1999年1月开缸,肉身完好,现涂漆供奉。比丘尼成金刚不坏之身,惟九华山独有,引起社会轰动。仁义师太生前由一名大家闺秀成为医生、军人、尼姑,直至不腐肉身,加之她参军卫国、行医济世、乐善好施等不凡经历,成为九华山众口皆碑的传奇式人物。
花岗闪长岩
花岗闪长岩是地下岩浆在地壳深层3千米以下,缓慢冷却形成的火成岩,属深成岩。因其含有相对丰富的角闪石和斜长石,得名花岗闪长岩,它颜色黑白相杂。九华山的花岗闪长岩是在1.4亿年前由太平洋板块和欧亚板块碰撞,引起岩浆上涌冷却后形成,它主要分布在九华山脉两侧,构成青阳岩体。
Granodiorite
The granodiorite is a plutonite resulting from the slow condensation and crystallization of magma produced inside the crust of 3000 m depth. The name of granodiorite is because of abundant black hornblende and white plagioclase. The granodiorite in Jiuhuashan was the condensed product of magma caused by the collision of the Pacific Plate with the Eurasian Plate 140 million years ago. It constitutes the main part of Qingyang rock body and can be found at the foot of the Jiuhuashan range.
正长花岗斑岩
正长花岗斑岩,是岩浆在近地表冷却形成的火成岩,属浅成岩。它因具有斑状的钾长石晶体,所以称为正长花岗斑岩,颜色肉红。它是1.2亿年前岩浆上涌并穿插到花岗闪长岩岩体内,形成岩墙或岩脉,它主要分布在九华山甲子岭到方家里一带。
Syenogranite Porphyry
Syenogranite porphyry, a hypabyssal rock, is an igneous rock formed by condensation of magma near to the surface. It is of flesh pink color and contains porphyritic potassium feldspar crystals. The dyke was formed by magma upwelling and intruding into the granodiorite rock body 120 million years ago. It can be found mainly in the Jiaziling-Fangjiali area in Jiuhuashan Geopark.
中生代(距今约2.5亿年~距今约6500万年)是中国东南地区构造演化和陆内造山过程的关键时期。1.4亿年前太平洋板块和欧亚板块强烈碰撞,使得上地幔及深部地壳的岩浆混合上涌并冷却,形成花岗闪长岩及其包体。九华山的花岗闪长岩内普遍发育大量暗色包体,这些包体具有细粒岩浆结构,形态以椭圆形和水滴状为主,与花岗闪长岩的接触界线清晰。 这些包体蕴藏着岩浆生成、演化、形成过程等信息,是研究九华山及其周边地区地球深部壳幔作用的重要窗口,也是岩浆混合作用的直接证据,对破译中国东南地区构造演化和陆内造山过程具有重要意义,一直受到岩石学家的重视。
Observation Site of Inclusion in Granodiorite
The Mesozoic (250-65million years ago) is a key period of the tectonic evolution and intracontinental orogeny process in southeastern China. Because of the intense collision between Pacific Plate and Eurasian Plate 140 million years ago, two types of magma were produced respectively in the upper mantle and the deep crust. Then they were mixed, upwelled and cooled down to form granodiorite and enclaves. It can be observed in granodiorite that some dark enclaves are of microgranular igneous texture and oval or drop-shaped. The contact boundary between the enclaves and the granodiorite is very clear.Containing the information about magmatic genesis, evolution and process, these enclaves are the key clews and directive evidences of the interaction between the mantle and the crust in Jiuhuashan and neighboring regions. They are of great importance in researching the tectonic evolution and intracontinental orogeny, and receive much attention from petrologists.
从“天池”南行,上一小台阶,就到了东崖广场。这广场设计精美,既方又圆,四道出口,中有喷水池,明渠半边环绕。四周屋舍鳞次栉比,寺院、民居、宾馆、商店连成一体。广场东为安徽省重点寺院立庵,佛教协会在此办公。
舒潭瀑布由瀑布和舒潭组合而成。瀑布高近30米,宽约2-3米,瀑布台阶上为强抗风化的钾长花岗岩,下为弱抗风化的花岗闪长岩。两者的差异性风化剥蚀形成台阶,山涧流水倾泻形成瀑布。瀑布下为水体冲蚀形成的舒潭,最深处约3.5米,直经约20米。每每皎月当空,舒潭明亮如月,又称“舒潭映月”,是九华山十大胜景之一。
Shutan Waterfall is almost 30 m tall and 2-3 m wide. The rock above the terrace is strong anti-weathering syenogranite, and the rock under the terrace is granodiorite with weak weathering resistance. The differential weathering and denudation of the two rock types formed the terrace and the stream pours down, forming a waterfall. Beneath the waterfall is the Shutan Pond formed by washout. The maximum depth of the pond is 3.5 m and its diameter is about 20 m. In clear nights the pond reflects the bright moon, forming one of the most beautiful sceneries of Jiuhuashan Geopark.
九华山地质公园内自1980年起全面封山育林,严禁砍伐、采挖植物,除毛竹允许间伐外,经济林全部用为风景保护林。当前公园植被覆盖率85.2%,有植物1528种。 九华山植被受海拔变化的影响,垂直分带明显(图示)。您所处海拔为175米,周边植被是以苦槠、青冈、马尾松等植物为主的次生针阔混交林,林内有野猪、雉鸡等野生动物出没。
Vegetation of Jiuhuashan Geopark
The plant vegetation covers 85.2 % of the Jiuhuashan area and owns 1,528 plant species identified, which benefits by completely closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, and strictly prohibiting felling, digging, cutting down plants in Jiuhuashan Geopark since 1980. Except for intermediate cutting bamboo forests, all of economic forests have been used for the protected scenery forest. Because of altitude effect, the vertical pattern of plant vegetation exists in the Jiuhuashan Geopark. At a site of 175m altitude where you stand, the plant vegetation is secondary broadleaf-conifer mixed forest. It mainly consists of Castanopsis sclerophylla, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Pinus massoniana and etc; and live many wild animals here, such as Sus scrofa and Phasianus colchicus.