九华山茶
九华山茶，又称九华佛茶、九华毛峰，是产自九华山世界地质公园的著名农产品。九华山种茶历史始于唐朝，由金乔觉（古新罗国人，现韩国）到九华山时将带来的茶籽播于九华山闵园峡谷，然后发展到全山。1915年曾获巴拿马万国博览会金质奖章。
九华山茶园主要分布在九华山东西两侧的山谷盆地内，海拔约300-800米。主产区位于闵园、黄石溪等地。九华山的正长花岗岩风化形成的黄棕壤和棕红壤透水通气性好、肥力较高、富含有机质（最高含量为7.04%）的酸性土壤（PH值为5-6），在水、气、热协调的背景下，构成茶树生长的理想环境。
九华山茶，茶叶外形扁直呈佛手状，色泽翠绿，内质香高味醇，富含氨基酸，深受游人喜爱。
Jiuhuashan Tea
Also known as Jiuhua Buddhist Tea and Jiuhua Maofeng Tea, Jiuhuashan Tea is a renowned agricultural product produced within Jiuhuashan UNESCO Global Geopark.
The history of tea planting on Jiuhuashan dates back to the Tang Dynasty. When Kim Gyo-gak, a native of the ancient Silla Kingdom (present-day South Korea), arrived at Jiuhuashan, he sowed tea seeds in the Minyuan Valley. Tea cultivation later spread across the entire mountain. In 1915, the tea was awarded a Gold Medal at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition.
Jiuhuashan tea plantations are mainly distributed in the valley basins on the eastern and western sides of the mountain, at an altitude of approximately 300–800 meters. Major producing areas include Minyuan and Huangshixi.
Derived from the weathering of syenogranite in Jiuhuashan, the local soil consists of yellow-brown earth and reddish-brown earth. It is well-drained, aerated, fertile, rich in organic matter with a maximum content of 7.04%, and acidic with a pH value ranging from 5 to 6. Under the coordinated conditions of water, air and heat, it forms an ideal growing environment for tea shrubs.
Jiuhuashan Tea features flat, straight leaves shaped like Buddha hands with an emerald green appearance. It boasts a high aroma and mellow taste, and is rich in amino acids, enjoying great popularity among tourists.
구화산 차
구화산 차는 '구화 불차' 또는 '구화 모봉'으로도 불리며, 구화산 세계지질공원에서 생산되는 유명 특산물이다. 차 재배는 당나라 시기에 시작되었으며, 김교각(신라 출신)이 구화산에 들어올 때 가져온 차 종자를 민원 협곡에 심은 것이 기원이다. 이후 전 산지로 확산되었고, 1915년 파나마 만국박람회에서 금상을 수상하였다.
차밭은 주로 해발 300~800m의 동·서 산지 계곡과 분지에 분포하며, 주요 생산지는 민원과 황석계 일대이다. 구화산의 화강암 풍화로 형성된 황갈색 및 적갈색 토양은 배수성과 통기성이 좋고 유기질이 풍부하며(pH 5~6), 차나무 생장에 이상적인 환경을 제공한다.
구화산 차는 잎 모양이 납작하고 곧으며 불수(佛手) 형태를 띠고, 색은 선명한 녹색이며 향이 높고 맛이 부드럽고 깊다. 아미노산이 풍부하여 관광객들에게 큰 인기를 끌고 있다.
细叶青冈群落是以细叶青冈为主要植物的次生常绿阔叶林，马尾松、杉木、杜鹃等物种与之共生。细叶青冈群落主要分布于九华街周围，是九华山的重要生态景观。
Community of Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia
Community of Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia is a kind of secondary evergreen broadleaved forest which consists of key species of Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia, has other species like Pinus massoniana Lamb, Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.）Hook and Rhododendron simsii Plancht.. The community mainly distributes around Jiuhua Street as an important ecological landscape.
细叶青冈属壳斗科植物，常绿乔木，分布于海拔500m之上，叶片呈长卵形，果实呈椭圆形，木材富弹性，不易开裂，是优良的木材。
Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia is a species of fagaceae, and distributes above 500m a.s.l. Its leaf shape is a long ovate and fruits are oval. As a good timber, its wood is characteristic of good elasticity and not easy to crack.
闵园尼庵古建筑群
闵园尼庵群是清至民国时期遗存的皖南民居式寺庙建筑群，是九华山历史上比丘尼出家修行的集中之地，2019年被列为安徽省第八批省级文物保护单位。
现存20余座尼庵，以褐瓦黄墙、马头墙为典型特征，部分尼庵采用传统垒石技术建造。庵内尼众日常以早晚课诵、念佛坐禅为主，兼行种菜采茶等农禅活动，延续传统修行方式。整组建筑群掩映于竹海松涛中，形成自然与人文共生的独特文化景观。
Ancient Nunnery Complex of Minyuan
The Minyuan Nunnery Complex is a well-preserved cluster of southern Anhui folk-style temples dating from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China period. It served as a major retreat for Buddhist nuns in the history of Jiuhuashan. In 2019, it was inscribed in the Eighth Batch of Anhui Provincial Cultural Relics Protection Units.
More than 20 nunneries remain intact today, featuring typical characteristics of brown tiled roofs, yellow wall facades and horsehead walls. Some nunneries were constructed with traditional dry-stone masonry techniques. The resident nuns mainly follow daily religious practices including morning and evening rituals, Buddhist recitation and meditation. They also engage in farming-and-monastic activities such as vegetable planting and tea picking, inheriting the traditional monastic lifestyle.
Nestled among vast bamboo and pine forests, the entire architectural complex presents a unique cultural landscape where nature and humanity blend in perfect harmony.
민원 비구니 사찰 고건축군
민원 비구니 사찰 고건축군은 청나라 시기부터 중화민국 시기까지 형성된 안휘성 남부 민가 양식의 사찰 건축군으로, 구화산에서 비구니 수행이 집중된 지역이다. 2019년 안휘성 제8차 성급 문화재 보호 단위로 지정되었다.
현재 20여 채가 남아 있으며, 갈색 기와와 황색 벽, 마두벽이 특징이다. 일부 건축은 전통적인 석조 축조 기법을 사용하였다. 사찰에서는 아침저녁 예불과 좌선 수행이 이루어지며, 채소 재배와 차 따기 등 농선 활동도 병행하여 전통 수행 방식을 유지하고 있다. 이 건축군은 대숲과 송림 속에 자리 잡아 자연과 인간이 공존하는 독특한 문화 경관을 형성한다.
九华山植被呈垂直带状分布，低海拔向高海拔依次分布亚热带常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶林、针叶林垂直镶嵌结构。海拔＜200m为次生阔叶林、小片马尾松林、竹林和灌木丛；200-700m为常绿落叶混交林、竹林；700-1000m为落叶常绿阔叶混交林；＞1000m为针叶林、山地灌木丛。
The Vertical Zonal Structure of Jiuhuashan Vegetation
Jiuhuashan plant vegetation is characteristic of vertical zonal and mosaic structure: subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest, deciduous broadleaved forest and coniferous forest in order from low altitude to high altitude. Secondary broadleaved forest, pinus massoniana forest, bamboo forest and bushes are at the altitude ＜200m; evergreen and deciduous mixed forest and bamboo forest are at the altitude 200-700m, deciduous and evergreen broadleaved mixed forest is at the altitude 700-1000m and coniferous forest and mountain shrubs are at the altitude ＞1000m.
社区生活污水处理设施
闵园社区污水处理采用“生物脱氮+砂滤池+紫外消毒”工艺，通过厌氧、缺氧、好氧三个功能区协同作用，高效去除污水中的COD、BOD、氨氮、总氮及总磷；砂滤池进一步过滤悬浮物与部分胶体物质，提升出水清澈度；紫外消毒环节有效杀灭粪大肠菌等病原微生物，确保出水微生物指标达标。该工艺具有占地小、管理简便等优势，日处理规模可达20吨，为闵园景区生态环境保护提供了有力保障。
Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities in Minyuan Community
The sewage treatment system of Minyuan Community adopts the combined process of biological denitrification + sand filter tank + ultraviolet disinfection.
Through the coordinated operation of three functional zones—anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic zones—the system efficiently removes COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus from sewage. The sand filter tank further filters suspended solids and partial colloidal substances to improve the clarity of effluent water. The ultraviolet disinfection process effectively inactivates pathogenic microorganisms such as fecal coliforms, ensuring that microbial indicators of the effluent meet discharge standards.
With the advantages of small land occupation and simple operation and management, the facility has a daily treatment capacity of 20 tons. It provides solid support for the ecological and environmental protection of Minyuan Scenic Area.
지역 생활오수 처리 시설
민원 지역의 오수 처리는 ‘생물학적 탈질 + 모래 여과 + 자외선 소독’ 공정을 적용한다. 혐기·무산소·호기 단계의 협력 작용을 통해 COD, BOD, 암모니아성 질소, 총질소, 총인을 효과적으로 제거한다. 이후 모래 여과를 통해 부유물과 일부 콜로이드 물질을 제거하여 수질을 개선하고, 자외선 소독으로 병원성 미생물을 제거하여 방류 기준을 충족시킨다. 이 시스템은 소규모 부지에서도 효율적으로 운영 가능하며, 하루 최대 20톤의 처리 능력을 갖추고 있어 민원 경구의 생태 환경 보호에 중요한 역할을 한다.
九华睡佛山景为花台景区的花岗岩群峰异石的象形山景。睡佛面仰天际，“鼻梁”高耸，“喉节”突出，“睫毛”可见，“口”和“下巴”轮廓分明，宛如慈祥昂卧的佛教老人。
Jiuhua Sleeping Buddhist Montanic Landscape
Jiuhua sleeping Buddhist montanic landscape is one of number of granitic pictographic landscapes in Huatai scenic area. Facing up towards the sky, the sleeping Buddhist would like a nice feature of Roman nose, prominent Adam’s apple, visible eyelash, well-defined mouth and jaw, and seems a gracious supine old Buddhist.
多花黄精Polygonatum cyrtonema叶卦哥型
!属: 天门冬科黄精属
境: 林下、灌丛或山坡阴处
海拔:500-2100米
物候期:花期5-6月，果期8-9月。
特 征:多年生草本植物。根状茎肥厚，常连珠状或结节成块，近圆柱形。叶互生，卵状披针形，稍作镰状弯曲，先端尖或渐尖。花序伞形，花梗长0.5-1.5(-3)厘米，花被黄绿色。浆果黑色，直径约1厘米，具3-9颗种子。其根状茎为常用中药“黄精”，药用价值高。Scientific name: Polygonatum cyrtonemaFamily: Asparagaceae
Habitat: Under forests, shrubs, or shaded areas on hillsides.Elevation: 500-2,100 meters
Phenology: Flowering: May-June, Fruiting: August- SeptemberCharacteristics: A herbaceous perennial plant. The rhizome is thick and often forms abeaded or tuberous structure, nearly cylindrical in shape. The leaves are alternateovate-lanceolate, slightly curved like a sickle, with pointed or gradually pointed apex. Theinflorescence is umbellate, with pedicel measuring 0.5-1.5 (-3) centimeters long, and peri-anth is yellow-green. The berries are black, approximately 1 centimeter in diameter, con-taining, 3-9 seeds. The rhizome is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine as knownas sealwort (Chinese: 黄精; pinyin: huáng jing), which has high medicinal value.
寸:Polygonatum cyrtonema
斗舎:利是号斗 髫召舎
智叴兽召:金 0|2，个 乞 处出|璧 ユ号甜豐:500-21000/E1
量草列:H7 5-6型，召7 8-9型.
号:CH岁 圣邑八量0|C|.単2 旦咎9| 香↗|乞 彐叫 咎 子舎 旦咎0|4 登型0|骂027} 爿0 劉号犁叫 ↗}2C.20| 从星 斗卫 咎 旦咎9| 出 旦型只星 叶2 旦咎只星 子早叫刊叫 心比0| 與奔計↗ㄩ 召否 與奔甜刭叶。买0|早处型0|卫妥蚕7| 召0| 0.5~1.5(-3)创刘叫EO|卫 买0|量 磬暑出。叫|己乞 召名出0|卫 刭召0| 1 団刘叫时0|叫 3~97H2| 香↗} &叶.ユ 単2 旦咎9| 稥列乞 号 艸?書'只星 叶号 パ刘パ 叶.
短尾猴，又称红面猴，是体型较大的猕猴，国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物。短尾猴得名与仅有体长的十分之一的极短尾巴，也称“断尾猴”。短尾猴喜群居，主要栖息于常绿阔叶林带和落叶混交林带，九华山有3处短尾猴种群活动区：百岁宫、甘露寺与天台景区，数量约100只。
Jiuhuashan Macaca arctoides Population
Macaca arctoides, also called red-faced monkey or tail-cut macaque, is a large-sized macaque and listed as a national Ⅱ-level key protected wild animal. Its name is because of that its tail length is only one tenth of body length. Macaca arctoides gregariously lives in evergreen broadleaved forest and deciduous mixed forest. There are about 100 Macaca arctoides appearing in three places in Jiuhuashan: Baisui Palace, Ganlu Temple and Tiantai scenic area.
阔叶林——四季变装的生态课堂
九华山低海拔丘陵、河谷地带，分布着落叶、常绿阔叶混交林。这里季相分明，物种丰富，结构复杂，无明显优势树种，保持着完整的自然群落。高大乔木中，枫香、栎树、榉树秋季落叶，青冈栎、樟树、女贞四季常青，偶见马尾松。灌木层有檵木、海桐、野蔷薇；层间攀附着络石、扶芳藤。
丰富的物种在这里竞争、交替、繁衍，演绎着自然的生存法则。这片长期处于自然状态的森林，是植物群落生态学教学与实习的理想场所。
Broadleaf Forest — An Ecological Classroom of Changing Seasons
Deciduous and evergreen broadleaf mixed forests are distributed in the low-altitude hills and river valleys of Jiuhuashan. With distinct seasonal changes, rich species diversity and complex structure, these forests have no dominant tree species and maintain intact natural communities. Among the tall trees, Chinese Sweet Gum (Liquidambar formosana), oak (Quercus spp.) and Chinese Zelkova (Zelkova schneideriana) shed their leaves in autumn, while Ring-cupped Oak (Quercus glauca), Camphor Tree (Camphora officinarum) and Glossy Privet (Ligustrum lucidum) remain evergreen year-round, with occasional Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana). The shrub layer consists of Chinese Fringe Flower (Loropetalum chinense), Japanese Pittosporum (Pittosporum tobira) and Wild Rose (Rosa multiflora), while Star Jasmine (Trachelospermum jasminoides) and Wintercreeper Euonymus (Euonymus fortunei) climb between the layers.
Rich species compete, succeed and reproduce here, interpreting the natural laws of survival. This long-undisturbed forest is an ideal site for teaching and practical training in plant community ecology.
활엽수림——사계절 변화를 보여주는 생태 교실
구화산 저해발 구릉과 하곡 지역에는 낙엽성과 상록성 활엽수 혼합림이 분포한다. 이곳은 계절 변화가 뚜렷하고 종 다양성이 풍부하며 구조가 복잡하고 특정 우점종이 없는 완전한 자연 군락을 유지하고 있다. 교목층에서는 풍향수, 참나무류, 느릅나무류가 가을에 낙엽을 떨구고, 청강참나무, 녹나무, 광나무는 사계절 푸르며, 일부 지역에서는 소나무도 관찰된다. 관목층에는 계목, 해동나무, 들장미가 자라며, 층간에는 낙석, 부방등 덩굴식물이 얽혀 있다.
다양한 식물들은 이곳에서 경쟁하고 교체되며 번식하면서 자연의 생존 법칙을 보여준다. 이 숲은 장기간 자연 상태를 유지해온 덕분에 식물 군락 생태학 교육과 실습에 이상적인 장소이다.
马尾松（Pinus massoniana），常绿乔木，针叶2针一束，叶长12-20厘米，因像马的尾巴，故名马尾松。九华街周边的数百棵古马尾松得益于九华山悠久的生态保护。此处马尾松林有13棵树龄超过300岁。
Pinus massoniana Community Landscape
Pinus massoniana is an evergreen tree with a bunch of two needle leaves 12-20cm long. Its name is because its leaves are like horse’s tail. Hundreds of ancient trees of Pinus massoniana around Jiuhua Street benefit from the long-term ecological protection here. There are 13 trees of Pinus massoniana of over 300 years old in them.
裂唇蜓：九华山“水质代言人”
2026年，九华山世界地质公园发现蝴蝶裂唇蜓（被誉为“蜻蜓中的大熊猫”）及铃木裂唇蜓、长鼻裂唇蜓、高翔裂唇蜓，实现安徽省全部4种裂唇蜓科物种齐聚于此，刷新了公园的生物多样性记录。裂唇蜓的稚虫对水质要求极高，是学界公认的天然水质指示生物，它们在九华山的繁衍生息，直接印证了这里溪流洁净、生态稳定。
蝴蝶裂唇蜓（Chlorogomphus papilio）
铃木裂唇蜓（Chlorogomphus suzukii）
长鼻裂唇蜓（Chlorogomphus nasutus）
高翔裂唇蜓（Watanabeopetalia soarer）
Chlorogomphus Dragonflies — "Water Quality Ambassadors" of Jiuhuashan
In 2026, the Butterfly Chlorogomphus (Chlorogomphus papilio) (dubbed the "giant panda of dragonflies"), along with Suzuki's Chlorogomphus, Long-nosed Chlorogomphus and Soaring Watanabeopetalia, were discovered in Jiuhuashan UNESCO Global Geopark. This marks the first time all four species of the Chlorogomphidae family native to Anhui Province have been recorded in a single location, updating the geopark's biodiversity records.
Chlorogomphus nymphs have extremely high requirements for water quality and are universally recognized by the scientific community as natural water quality indicator organisms. Their thriving and reproduction in Jiuhuashan directly attest to the pristine stream water and stable ecosystem here.
Butterfly Chlorogomphus (Chlorogomphus papilio)
Suzuki's Chlorogomphus (Chlorogomphus suzukii)
Long-nosed Chlorogomphus (Chlorogomphus nasutus)
Soaring Watanabeopetalia (Watanabeopetalia soarer)
2026년 구화산 세계지질공원에서는 나비열립잠자리(‘잠자리계의 판다’로 불림)를 비롯해 스즈키열립잠자리, 긴코열립잠자리, 고상열립잠자리 등 4종이 확인되어 안휘성 전역의 열립잠자리과 종이 모두 이곳에 모였다. 이는 공원의 생물 다양성 기록을 새롭게 갱신한 것이다. 열립잠자리 유충은 수질 요구도가 매우 높아 대표적인 수질 지표 생물로 인정되며, 이들의 서식은 구화산 계류의 청정성과 생태 안정성을 직접적으로 입증한다.
나비열립잠자리 (Chlorogomphus papilio)
스즈키열립잠자리 (Chlorogomphus suzukii)
긴코열립잠자리 (Chlorogomphus nasutus)
고상열립잠자리 (Watanabeopetalia soarer)
冰斗为冰川侵蚀产物，分布于雪线附近。九华冰斗是第四纪古冰川遗迹，为三面环山、后壁陡峻的半圆形洼地，出口有凸起的岩坎，呈匙状地形。九华冰斗内地势平坦，呈串珠状池塘谷地。化城寺为中心的佛教寺庙、徽派建筑顺九华冰斗谷地展布。
Jiuhua Cirque
The glacial cirque is an outcome of glacial erosion and appears near snow line. The Jiuhua cirque, supposed as the Quaternary glacier remains, is a semicircular depression with precipitous back wall on three sides in mountain and an entrance with a front convex rock step, and the whole shape is like spoon-shaped terrain. The Jiuhua cirques with flat interior distribute as toruliform pond valley. Buddhist temples and Huizhou-style architectures around Huacheng Temple distribute along the Jiuhua cirque valley.