台湾松Pinus taiwanensis Hayata，也称黄山松，是松科松属，乔木，中国特有树种。台湾松生长在海拔600米以上，针叶2针一束，稍硬直，长7-10厘米；喜光、深根性树种，喜凉润、耐瘠薄，但生长迟缓。台湾松生命力强，枝桠平展、粗韧，树形优美，具有很高的观赏价值。九华山的凤凰松（树龄1400年）、吉祥松、迎客松等景观树都是台湾松的精品代表。
Pinus taiwanensis Hayata
Pinus taiwanensis Hayata, also called Huangshan Pine, is Pinaceae,Pinus and arbor, unique species in China. P. taiwanensis Hayata grows above the altitude of 600m, and each bunch of leaves has two needles, slightly hard and straight, 7-10cm long. It is photophilous with deep root, and it likes cool and moist environment with poor soil tolerance, but it grows slowly. P. taiwanensis Hayata is species that has strong vitality, spreading tenacious branches, gracious tree form, and great aesthetic value. Phoenix Pine (1400 years old), Auspice Pine and Greeting Pine within Jiuhuashan are boutique representatives of P. taiwanensis Hayata.
舒溪
舒溪，源出九华山天华峰西坡，自东向西穿越山地、丘陵、盆地三大地形区，最后流入九华河，全长15千米，流域面积6平方公里。舒溪与周边的山形地貌，构成了一幅由奇峰峻岭、嶙峋怪石、纵横深涧、飞泻银瀑所组成的山水画卷。每当大雨普降，溪水奔腾咆哮，峡谷轰鸣，浪花飞溅，十分壮观。两岸居民祖祖辈辈与舒溪相伴，依舒溪生存，为舒溪赞美。舒溪是一条生命之溪，又是一条旅游观光、徒步探险之溪。
Shuxi Stream
Shuxi Stream originates from the western slope of Tianhua Peak within Jiuhuashan UNESCO Global Geopark. It flows westward across three major landform units: mountains, hills and basins, and finally merges into Jiuhua River. The stream has a total length of 15 kilometers and a watershed area of 6 square kilometers.
Together with the surrounding landforms, Shuxi Stream unfolds a picturesque landscape scroll featuring extraordinary steep peaks, jagged grotesque rocks, crisscrossing deep valleys and cascading silver waterfalls. Following heavy rainfalls, the stream surges and roars, echoing through the canyon with splashing waves, creating a magnificent spectacle.
Local residents along both banks have lived alongside Shuxi Stream for generations, relying on it for survival and singing praises of its charm. Regarded as a river of life, Shuxi Stream also serves as an ideal spot for sightseeing, hiking and outdoor exploration.
서계
서계는 구화산 천화봉 서쪽 사면에서 발원하여 동쪽에서 서쪽으로 산지, 구릉, 분지의 세 지형대를 가로질러 흐르다가 최종적으로 구화하로 유입된다. 전체 길이는 15km, 유역 면적은 6km²이다. 기암괴석과 깊은 협곡, 폭포가 어우러져 한 폭의 산수화를 이루며, 폭우 시에는 물이 거세게 흐르고 협곡이 울리며 장관을 이룬다. 주민들은 대대로 서계와 함께 살아왔으며, 이는 생명의 강이자 관광과 탐방의 강이다.
花台因盛开杜鹃花得名。春季，鸟语花香，生机盎然；夏季，梦幻云海，气势磅礴；秋季，满山红叶，层林尽染；冬季，冰晶世界，纯洁肃穆。
Huatai Four Seasons’ Landscapes
Huatai name is because of blooming Rhododendra. In spring, birds here are twittering and flowers’ fragrance is everywhere with an exuberant appearance; in summer, cloud sea is fantastically fluctuating and magnificent; in autumn, the whole mountain is red leaves and trees are dressed in beautiful colors, in winter, comes world of ice and snow, pure and solemn.
四种蜻蜓齐聚九华山
2026年5月，安徽农业大学科研团队在九华山世界地质公园开展动植物物种多样性调查时，发现蝴蝶裂唇蜓（被誉为“蜻蜓中的大熊猫”）和3种裂唇蜓科物种，实现安徽省全境4种裂唇蜓科物种在九华山齐聚，再度刷新九华山的生物多样性记录。
裂唇蜓稚虫对水体质量要求极高，对环境扰动、截流、水体污染等因素十分敏感，是学界公认的天然水质指示生物，其种群存续直接反映九华山世界地质公园生态环境的稳定性与优良度
Four Species of Dragonflies Gather in Jiuhuashan
In May 2026, a research team from Anhui Agricultural University conducted a survey on flora and fauna biodiversity within Jiuhuashan UNESCO Global Geopark. The team found the butterfly dragonfly, known as the "Giant Panda among Dragonflies", together with three other species of the family Chlorogomphidae. This discovery brings all four Chlorogomphidae species recorded in Anhui Province together at Jiuhuashan, setting a new record for the geopark’s biodiversity.
The nymphs of shadowdragons have extremely high requirements for water environment quality and are highly sensitive to environmental disturbance, river damming and water pollution. Widely recognized by academia as natural bio-indicators of water quality, their survival status directly reflects the stability and excellent ecological condition of Jiuhuashan UNESCO Global Geopark.
네 종의 잠자리가 구화산에 모이다
2026년 5월, 안휘농업대학 연구팀이 구화산 세계지질공원에서 생물다양성 조사를 수행하던 중 '나비열순잠자리'(‘잠자리계의 판다’로 불림)와 함께 세 종의 열순잠자리과 곤충을 추가로 발견하였다. 이로써 안휘성 전역에 존재하는 네 종의 열순잠자리과가 모두 구화산에 모이게 되었으며, 다시 한 번 구화산의 생물다양성 기록을 경신한 것이다.
열순잠자리 유충은 수질에 대한 요구가 매우 높고, 환경 교란·하천 차단·수질 오염 등에 매우 민감한 특성을 지니고 있다. 따라서 학계에서는 이들을 대표적인 천연 수질 지표 생물로 인정하고 있으며, 그 개체군의 유지 여부는 구화산 세계지질공원의 생태 환경 안정성과 우수성을 직접적으로 보여주는 지표이다.
正长花岗岩构成了九华山的主体。岩石的主要矿物有正长石、石英、黑云母等。正长石颜色为浅肉红色。此处岩石矿物颗粒的粒径0.3～5mm之间，属中细粒结构，故称中细粒正长花岗岩。
Medium-fine-grain Syenogranite
Syenogranite makes up of main body of Jiuhuashan Mt.and has main minerals of orthoclase, quartz and biotite. Orthoclase’s colour is light flesh pink. The grain size of the rock minerals here is 0.3-5mm, belonging to medium-fine-grained structure and so, it is called medium-fine-grain syenogranite.
乡土树种的代表——枫杨
舒溪两侧生长着枫杨、板栗、枫香等乔木，搭配油桐、冻绿、青冈、蜡瓣花等灌木，共同形成了以枫杨为主体的落叶阔叶林枫杨群落。
枫杨（学名：Pterocarya stenoptera）隶属于胡桃科枫杨属，是广泛分布于中国长江、淮河流域的落叶乔木，在舒溪沿岸的溪涧河滩一带尤为常见，具有护岸固堤、涵养水源的作用。作为乡村常见的乡土树种，枫杨朴实坚韧，被当地村民奉为风水宝树，承载着人们的乡愁记忆，成为舒溪沿岸极具代表性的植物标识。
Representative Native Tree Species — Chinese Wingnut
On both sides of Shuxi Stream grow arbor species including Chinese wingnut, Chinese chestnut and sweetgum, together with shrubs such as tung oil tree, buckthorn, cyclobalanopsis and corylopsis. They jointly form a deciduous broad-leaved forest community dominated by Chinese wingnut.
Chinese wingnut (Pterocarya stenoptera) belongs to the genus Pterocarya in the Juglandaceae family. It is a deciduous arbor widely distributed across the Yangtze River and Huaihe River basins of China, and is particularly common along the streams and river beaches of Shuxi Stream. It functions well in bank protection, dike stabilization and water conservation.
As a common native tree species in rural areas, Chinese wingnut is plain in appearance yet hardy in character. Honored as an auspicious geomantic tree by local villagers, it carries people’s nostalgia and memories, and has become a highly representative botanical symbol along Shuxi Stream.
향토 수종의 대표—풍양
서계 양안에는 풍양, 밤나무, 단풍나무 등이 자라고, 기름동백, 동청, 참나무류 등이 함께 자라 풍양 중심의 낙엽활엽수 군락을 이룬다.
풍양(Pterocarya stenoptera)은 호두과에 속하는 낙엽 교목으로 장강과 회하 유역에 널리 분포하며, 하천 제방 보호와 수원 함양에 중요한 역할을 한다. 지역 주민들에게는 풍수목으로 여겨지며 향토적 상징성을 지닌다.
九华山地区受新生代断块活动影响，沿九华山逆断裂带，上盘隆升为山地，形成南北绵延30余公里的九华山大型花岗岩石岭群峰；下盘下降成宽阔绵延起伏的丘陵、盆地。从九华山地质公园游客中心到花台顶峰的6km直线距离，完成了从盆地（平均海拔30m）到丘陵（平均海拔270m）再到山地山峰（平均海拔1000m以上）的地貌变化，即为“峰-丘-盆”的壮美景观。
Jiuhuashan area was impacted by Cenozoic fault-block movement. And hanging side of Jiuhuashan reverse fault zone was uplifted to become mountain land which is Jiuhuashan large-scaled granite peaks and ridges stretching 30km long in south-and-north direction. And heading side declined to become broad and gently rolling hill and basin. Within 6 km straight distance from Tourist Service Center of Jiuhuashan Geopark to Tianhua Peak., landform changes from basin (average altitude: 30m) to hill (average altitude: 270m) and to peak (average altitude: over 1000m), namely a spectacular peak-hill-basin landscape.
老田村水口文化
水口指水流的入口与出口。古人认为水流关乎财运与村落气场，是村落的生命线。为追求人与自然的和谐，他们会调整建筑朝向，使房屋处于与水口相合的“吉位”，以招财纳福；若处在“凶位”，则被认为会带来不利。这种选址理念，本质上是古人对水环境的尊重与巧妙利用。
노전촌 수구 문화
수구는 물이 들어오고 나가는 지점을 의미한다. 옛사람들은 물의 흐름이 재물과 마을의 기운을 좌우한다고 여겨, 건물의 방향을 조정해 길한 위치에 배치하였다. 이는 자연과의 조화를 추구하고 물 환경을 활용한 전통적 지혜를 반영한다.
Water Outlet Culture of Laotian Village
In traditional village layout, the water outlet refers to the inflow and outflow of river water. Ancient people believed that water flow was closely related to the village’s fortune and spiritual aura, serving as the lifeline of the settlement. In pursuit of harmony between humanity and nature, locals would adjust the orientation of buildings to place houses at auspicious sites aligned with the water outlet, so as to attract wealth and blessings. By contrast, locations mismatched with the water layout were regarded as inauspicious sites that might bring adverse influences. Essentially, this ancient site-selection philosophy reflects the reverence for water environments and the ingenious utilization of natural water systems by ancestors.
南北向九华大断裂的东、西两坡的地形地貌迥异，西坡地形陡峻，石柱、石墙、孤峰、深切沟谷等地貌发育，构造剥蚀景观突出；东坡坡度稍陡，坡形连续，侵蚀、剥蚀型地貌发育。这种断裂两侧、东西坡地形差异的动力一是坡度，二是构造，三是阳光降雨等自然要素，导致两坡地貌动力过程差异产生地貌差异。
Why are landforms on west and east slope of Jiuhuashan Mountains different?
The landforms on east and west slope of south-north Jiuhua Large Fault are different. The west slope is precipitous,and owns spectacular landscapes like stone pillar, stone wall, isolated peak and deep cleugh as well as prominent tectonic denudation landscape. The east slope is little steep, continuous and has eroded landform. Causes of two slopes’ different topography are mainly the followings, firstly gradient, secondly structure and thirdly natural factors like sunlight and rainwater. All of these made differential erosion and produced different landscapes.
九华山世界地质公园地处安徽省南部池州市（中心点坐标：N30°28′20.91″，E117°48′3.84″），面积139.7km2，最高海拔1344.4m。2019年4月，九华山获得联合国教科文组织批准列入联合国教科文组织世界地质公园网络。九华山地质公园以清晰、壮观、美丽的花岗岩复式岩体、大型花岗岩断块地貌与独有的富流体花岗岩结晶构造，共同展现欧亚板块-太平洋板块碰撞发生期的岩浆活动和后期构造活动的杰出地质遗迹。九华山花岗岩地貌景观与北亚热带植被面貌与佛教文化的融合景观享誉世界，被联合国教科文组织认定为“地质与文化融合的模式地”。
Brief Introduction of Jiuhuashan UNESCO Global Geopark
Jiuhuashan UNESCO Global Geopark is located in Chizhou City, southern Anhui Province, with the central coordinate of N30°28′20.91″, E117°48′3.84″. It covers an area of 139.7 km², and its highest elevation reaches 1344.4 m. In April 2019, the park was officially approved by UNESCO and inscribed on the UNESCO Global Geoparks Network. Boasting distinct, spectacular and aesthetic compound granite rock masses, large-scale granite fault-block landforms, and unique fluid-rich granite crystalline structures, the geopark presents outstanding geological relics that record the magmatic activities during the collision between the Eurasian Plate and the Pacific Plate, as well as subsequent tectonic movements. Renowned worldwide for the integrated landscape of granite geomorphology, north subtropical vegetation and Buddhist culture, Jiuhuashan has been recognized by UNESCO as a model site of integration of geo-landscape and culture。
구화산 세계지질공원 소개
구화산 세계지질공원은 안후이성(安徽省) 남부 츠저우시(池州市)에 위치해 있습니다(중심점 좌표: N30°28′20.91″, E117°48′3.84″). 공원의 면적은 139.7km², 최고 해발고도는 1344.4m입니다. 2019년 4월, 구화산은 유네스코의 승인을 받아 유네스코 세계지질공원 네트워크에 등재되었습니다.
구화산 지질공원은 선명하고 장엄하며 아름다운 화강암 복합 암체, 대형 화강암 단층괴(斷塊) 지형, 그리고 독자적인 유체가 풍부한 화강암 결정 구조를 통해 유라시아 판-태평양 판 충돌기의 마그마 활동과 후기 구조 활동을 보여주는 걸출한 지질 유산을 자랑합니다.
구화산의 화강암 지형 경관과 북아열대 식생, 그리고 불교 문화가 어우러진 융합 경관은 세계적인 명성을 얻고 있으며, 유네스코로부터 '지질과 문화 융합의 모델 지역(모식지)'으로 인정받았습니다.
九华山大断裂是南北向长33千米，东西向宽10-100米的破碎带。断裂带两侧岩块的错位运动产生次生构造应力场，使断裂带两盘岩石出现节理网络，称为伴生节理，分别是东西向和南北向的两组剪压性节理。九华山大断裂带和两组节理就是九华山花岗岩地形发育的断控节理构造，流水、冰雪、风、重力沿断控节理构造，差异性剥蚀风化剥离九华山花岗岩，塑造出多尺度、多类型的山丘盆地形与花岗岩奇峰异石。
Jiuhuashan Great Fracture is a shuttered zone, 33km long from south to north ,10-100m wide from east to west. The displacement movement of rocks on both sides of the fault zone generates secondary tectonic stress field , causing two sets of rocks of the fault zone to have joints network, called accompanying joints： two groups of shearing compressional joints respectively in east-west direction and in south-north direction. Jiuhuashan Great Fault Zone and two groups of joints are resulted from Jiuhuashan granite landform. Jiuhuashan granite is peeled off through differential erosion and weathering of running water, ice snow, wind and gravity along joint structure, creating diverse mountain-hill-basin terrain and bizarre granite peaks and rocks.
老田村自西汉年间建村，至今已有2000余年历史。先后入选安徽省“千年古村落”（2015年）和中国传统村落（2023年），是九华山区域历史文化与乡土风情的鲜活载体。
村落地处庙前盆地腹地，优越区位孕育肥沃良田，村落因田兴盛、以田得名，土地成为吴氏家族世代繁衍传承的根基。从唐至德年（距今1200多年）开始，先民就地取用花岗岩，修建玉带河与沟渠水系，贯通山地、农田和村落，达成以水养生格局，水体既保障农田灌溉，更是维系村落格局的文脉气脉。聚落依水沿河岸布局，民居临水而建，石桥、石板路皆以花岗岩铺筑，建筑基座石材夯固，搭配白墙灰瓦，最终形成山水田林相融、层次分明的皖南徽派聚落风貌，尽显因地制宜、顺势营建的传统人居智慧。
当前，老田村保留明清时期徽派古建筑40余处，“小桥流水人家”的景致是村落的核心风景线。
Old Laotian Village
The village of Laotian was founded during the Western Han Dynasty and has a history of over 2,000 years. It has been designated as one of Anhui Province's "Millennium Ancient Villages" (2015) and a Chinese Traditional Village (2023), serving as a living embodiment of the history, culture, and vernacular traditions of the Mount Jiuhua region.
The village is situated in the heart of the Miaoqian Basin. This advantageous location has nurtured fertile farmland, from which the village prospered and derived its name — Laotian literally meaning "Old Fields." The land became the very foundation upon which the Wu clan flourished across generations. Beginning in the Zhide era of the Tang Dynasty (over 1,200 years ago), the villagers quarried granite from nearby sites to construct the Yudai River (Jade Belt River) and an irrigation canal network, seamlessly linking the uplands, farmland, and settlement into an integrated water-nourished system. This water system not only secures agricultural irrigation but also forms the cultural and spatial lifeline that sustains the village fabric. The settlement pattern follows the waterways and riverbanks, with dwellings built along the water's edge. Stone bridges and flagstone paths are all paved with granite, and building foundations are rammed with stone plinths. Together with whitewashed walls and grey-tiled roofs, these elements ultimately create a distinctly layered southern Anhui Huizhou-style settlement landscape — a harmonious blend of mountain, water, fields, and forest. It fully embodies the traditional human wisdom of adapting to local conditions and building in harmony with nature.
Today, Laotian Village preserves over 40 Huizhou-style ancient buildings dating from the Ming and Qing dynasties. The idyllic scenery of "a small bridge over a flowing stream beside a dwelling" forms the centerpiece of the village landscape.
중국 전통 고촌락 노전촌
노전촌은 서한 시기에 마을이 형성된 이후 현재까지 2000여 년의 역사를 지닌 곳이다. 2015년 안휘성 ‘천년 고촌락’에 선정되었고, 2023년에는 중국 전통촌락으로 지정된 바 있으며, 구화산 지역의 역사문화와 향토적 정서를 생생하게 보여주는 대표적인 공간이다.
마을은 묘전 분지 중심부에 위치하여 우수한 입지 조건 속에서 비옥한 농지를 형성하였다. 마을은 농경을 기반으로 번성하였고, '전(田)'에서 이름이 유래하였다. 토지는 오씨 가문이 대대로 번성하고 계승해 온 근간이다. 당나라 지덕 연간(약 1200여 년 전)부터 선민들은 현지의 화강암을 활용하여 옥대하와 수로 체계를 구축하고, 산지·농경지·마을을 연결함으로써 물을 기반으로 한 생태적 공간 구조를 형성하였다. 물은 농경지 관개를 보장하는 동시에 마을 구조를 유지하는 문화적·생태적 흐름의 핵심 요소이다. 취락은 물을 따라 하천 연안에 배치되고, 주거는 물가에 인접하여 건축되었다. 석교와 석판길은 모두 화강암으로 포장되었으며, 건축 기단 역시 석재로 견고하게 다져졌다. 여기에 백벽과 회와가 어우러져 산·수·전·림이 조화를 이루고 층차가 분명한 안휘 남부 휘파 전통 취락 경관을 형성하였다. 이는 지형과 자연 조건에 순응하여 조성된 전통 주거 지혜를 잘 보여주는 사례이다.
현재 노전촌에는 명나라, 청나라 시기의 안휘성 전통 고건축이 40여 채 이상 보존되어 있으며, ‘작은 다리와 흐르는 물, 그리고 사람 사는 집’이라는 풍경이 마을의 핵심 경관을 이루고 있는 곳이다.