九华山地区地壳基底形成于8亿年前；在2.5亿年前，相对稳定的地块隆升成陆；约1.4亿年前因板块碰撞，出现了两期大规模的岩浆入侵活动，形成东亚地区最大的花岗岩岩体，这是稳定地块活化的表现；6500万年前以来，受喜马拉雅造山运动影响，九华山大断裂塑造出壮观的花岗岩断块地貌；数千万年的流水、冰川和构造作用塑造了完整的“峰丘盆”地貌和丰富多彩的生物多样性景观。 The crust basement of Jiuhuashan was formed 800 million years ago. The stable platform uplifted to land 250 million years ago. The intense crustal activity happened with two stages of magmatism in Jiuhuashan area 140 million years ago, and the largest granite rock body in the East Asian was formed, which is sign of the stable continent reactivation. Because of Himalayan movement, Jiuhuashan Grand Fault made splendid fault-block mountains since the 65 million years ago. The complete geomorphologic pattern of mountain-hill-basin and abundant biodiversity were created because of tens of millions of years function of flowing water and glacier and structural activities.
九子袈裟广场
广场呈圆形，直径99米，依托九华山花岗岩地质而建，是一处集景观与科普于一体的胜地。中央铺有99块近红色花岗岩，模拟九华山岩体，被白色石英岩脉线条切割，形如僧人袈裟；外围用黑白色花岗岩表现青阳岩体。卵石小径蜿蜒其间，象征九华河；九块巨石上雕刻着本地的动植物与古建。漫步广场，便可读懂九华山的地质密码与人文气韵。
Jiuzi Kasaya Square
The square is circular with a diameter of 99 meters. Constructed in harmony with the granite geological features of Jiuhuashan, it serves as an integrated venue for landscape appreciation and geological popular science. In the center, 99 pieces of reddish granite are paved to simulate the rock mass of Jiuhuashan. Intersected by vein lines of white quartzite, the layout resembles a monk’s kasaya. The outer area adopts black-and-white granite to represent the Qingyang rock mass. Winding pebble paths meander across the square, symbolizing the Jiuhua River. Nine huge stone boulders are carved with local fauna, flora and ancient architectures. Strolling through the square allows visitors to interpret the geological mysteries and cultural charm of Jiuhuashan.
구자 가사 광장
광장은 원형 구조로 직경 99m이며, 구화산 화강암 지질을 기반으로 조성된 경관·교육 복합 공간이다. 중앙에는 99개의 붉은빛 화강암이 깔려 구화산 암체를 형상화하고, 흰색 석영암 맥이 이를 가로지르며 승려의 가사를 연상시키는 형태를 이룬다. 외곽은 흑백 화강암으로 청양 암체를 표현하였다. 자갈길은 구화하를 상징하며, 9개의 거대한 바위에는 지역 동식물과 고건축이 새겨져 있다. 광장을 거닐며 구화산의 지질과 문화의 의미를 함께 이해할 수 있다.
地质遗迹是在地球历史演变过程中，由于内外动力地质作用，形成的地貌景观、地层剖面、地质构造、矿物、岩石、水体景观等遗迹。地质遗迹构成地质公园的主体。 九华山地质公园地质遗迹主要有地质剖面、地质构造、地貌景观与水体景观4大类。
Geosites, such as geomorphologic landscape, stratigraphic profiles, geological structures, minerals, rocks, water landscapes and so on, were formed by internal and external geological agents and witness the historical evolution of the Earth. The geosites in Jiuhuashan Geopark are classified into four categories: geological profile, geological structure, geomorphic landscape and water landscape.
串珠状池塘溪谷与佛教寺庙建筑布局
九华镇的三面环山、半圆斗状地形、串珠状池塘谷地的花岗岩地形被视为第四纪古冰斗遗迹。九华山开山祖寺——化城寺于池塘（放生池）高坡处首建，后有月身宝殿、祗园寺、旃檀林、上禅堂等国家重点寺院，与沿串珠状池塘溪谷两岸线性展布的徽派楼宇民居构成九华老街，建筑庙宇寺院向山顶和平坦盆地周边扩展。这是展现地质地貌与寺院建筑融合的经典范例。
Valleys with Bead-shaped Ponds and Layout of Buddhist Temple Buildings
The granite landforms in Jiuhua Town, which is surrounded by mountains on three sides and features semi-circular basin terrain as well as valley lands with bead-shaped ponds, are regarded as relics of Quaternary ancient cirques.
Huacheng Temple, the founding ancestral temple of Jiuhuashan, was first constructed on the high slopes beside these ponds (mercy-release ponds). Afterwards, many national key Buddhist temples such as the Shrine of Living Buddha, Qiyuan Temple, Zhantanlin Temple and Shangchan Hall were built here. Together with Hui-style dwellings linearly arranged along both banks of the bead-shaped pond valleys, they constitute Old Jiuhua Street. Temples and religious buildings have gradually expanded towards mountain tops and surrounding flat basins. This is a classic example presenting the integration of geological landforms and Buddhist architectural complexes.
구슬형 연못 계곡과 불교 사찰 건축 배치
구화진은 삼면이 산으로 둘러싸인 반원형 분지 지형으로, 구슬형 연못 계곡의 화강암 지형은 제4기 고빙두 유적으로 평가된다. 구화산의 개산 조찰인 화성사는 연못(방생지) 위 고지에 처음 세워졌으며, 이후 월신보전, 기원사, 전단림, 상선당 등 국가 중점 사찰이 조성되었다. 이들 사찰과 계곡을 따라 선형으로 배열된 휘파 건축 민가가 결합되어 구화 옛 거리를 형성하며, 건축물은 산 정상과 분지 주변으로 확장되었다. 이는 지질 지형과 사찰 건축이 결합된 대표적 사례이다.
地质学家李四光与九华山
李四光（1889-1971），世界著名地质学家、中国地质科学奠基人之一。1931年夏，他考察九华山，发现了“九华冰斗”与“U型谷”，并将其作为扬子江流域存在冰川的重要证据。1934年，他在《中国地质学会志》发表英文论文《关于研究长江下游冰川问题材料》，系统记录了九华山区冰川遗迹，并附照片。1975年，该文被收入个人著作《中国第四纪冰川》，以科学事实推翻了国外关于“中国没有第四纪冰川”的错误结论。
Jiuhua Cirque
Geologist Li Siguang and Jiuhuashan
Li Siguang (1889-1971) was a world-renowned geologist and one of the founders of China’s geological science. In the summer of 1931, he conducted field surveys in Jiuhuashan and discovered the Jiuhua Cirque and U-shaped Valley, which served as key evidence proving the existence of ancient glaciers in the Yangtze River basin.
In 1934, he published the English paper Materials for the Study of Glaciation in the Lower Yangtze Valley in the Bulletin of the Geological Society of China. The article systematically documented glacial relics across the Jiuhuashan area with attached photographs. In 1975, this paper was compiled into his work Quaternary Glaciations in China. With solid scientific evidence, he refuted the fallacy held by foreign scholars that no Quaternary glaciers once existed in China.
지질학자 리쓰광과 구화산
리쓰광(1889–1971)은 세계적으로 저명한 지질학자이자 중국 지질학의 창시자 중 한 명이다. 그는 1931년 여름 구화산을 조사하며 ‘구화 빙두’와 U자형 계곡을 발견하고, 이를 장강 유역에 빙하가 존재했음을 입증하는 중요한 증거로 제시하였다. 1934년에는 <중국지질학회지>에 관련 논문을 발표하여 구화산의 빙하 유적을 체계적으로 기록하였다. 이후 이 연구는 <중국 제4기 빙하>에 수록되었으며, ‘중국에는 제4기 빙하가 없다’는 기존의 잘못된 견해를 과학적으로 반박하였다.
化城寺
化城寺为九华山开山祖寺，创建于公元401年，是九华山寺院的“总丛林”，现为国家重点寺院，为国家文保单位。化城寺坐落在九华冰斗内，沿溪流而建，南向芙蓉岭，插霄峰雄踞于东，神光岭起伏在西，虎形诸峰环绕于北，四山环绕如莲花群峰。该寺庙为四进院落式建筑，分门厅、大雄宝殿、后进和藏经楼，总面积3500平方米。寺门前为圆形广场，广场中间有一个月牙形的放生池，连通九华街溪流。
化城寺部分区域辟为九华山历史博物馆，内藏各种经卷、佛具、圣旨、玉玺和书画，共一千余件，其中有不少属于稀世珍品。
Huacheng Temple
Huacheng Temple, the founding ancestral temple of Jiuhuashan, was founded in 401 AD and known as the core Buddhist monastery of all temples on the mountain. It is now a national key Buddhist temple and a national cultural relic protection unit.Situated within the Jiuhua Cirque, the temple is built along mountain streams. It faces Furong Ridge to the south, with towering Chaxiao Peak standing in the east, undulating Shenguang Ridge stretching in the west, and Huxing Peaks surrounding the north. Enclosed by mountains on all sides, the landform takes the shape of clustered lotus peaks. Constructed in a four-section courtyard style, the temple comprises an entrance hall, Mahavira Hall, rear chambers and a scripture repository, covering a total area of 3,500 m2. A circular square lies in front of the temple, where a crescent-shaped mercy-release pond is located at the center, linking up with the streams of Jiuhua Street.
Part of Huacheng Temple has been converted into the Jiuhuashan History Museum. It preserves more than 1,000 pieces of collections including Buddhist scriptures, religious utensils, imperial edicts, jade seals, calligraphic works and paintings, many of which are rare and precious cultural treasures.
화성사는 구화산의 개산 조찰로, 401년에 창건되었으며 구화산 사찰의 중심 사찰이다. 현재 국가 중점 사찰이자 문화재 보호 단위이다. 화성사는 빙두 지형 내에 위치해 계곡을 따라 조성되었으며, 남쪽으로 부용령, 동쪽으로 삽소봉, 서쪽으로 신광령, 북쪽으로 여러 봉우리가 둘러싸여 연꽃 형상의 지형을 이룬다. 사찰은 4진(四進) 구조로 문청, 대웅보전, 후전, 장경각으로 구성되며 총 면적은 3500㎡이다. 입구 앞에는 원형 광장이 있으며, 중앙에는 초승달 모양의 방생지가 있어 구화가의 계류와 연결된다.
사찰 일부는 구화산 역사박물관으로 활용되며, 경전, 불구, 칙서, 옥새, 서화 등 천여 점의 유물을 소장하고 있으며, 그중에는 희귀한 문화재도 다수 포함되어 있다.
化城寺与《西游记》
在中国，每年都会重播的86版《西游记》中，“误入小雷音寺”的震撼场景，正是取景于九华山化城寺与上禅堂。两座古刹共同“出演”，为经典平添了庄严与神秘。
上世纪80年代中期，九华山旅游刚起步，基础设施初步建成，但宣传尚需加强。《西游记》的拍摄与热播，让九华山从此家喻户晓，也极大增强了当地社区居民的自豪感与荣誉感。
Huacheng Temple and Journey to the West
The stunning scene "Straying into the Little Leiyin Temple" from the 1986 TV series Journey to the West—which is rebroadcast annually across China—was filmed at Huacheng Temple and Shangchan Temple in Jiuhuashan. These two ancient temples "starred" together, adding a profound sense of solemnity and mystery to the timeless classic.
In the mid-1980s, tourism in Jiuhuashan was just taking off. Basic infrastructure had been initially completed, but promotion still needed significant enhancement. The filming and nationwide popularity of Journey to the West made Jiuhuashan a household name overnight and greatly boosted the sense of pride and honor among local community residents.
화성사와 <서유기>
중국에서 매년 방영되는 1986년판 드라마 <서유기>의 ‘소뢰음사에 잘못 들어가는 장면’은 구화산 화성사와 상선당에서 촬영되었다. 두 사찰은 작품에 장엄함과 신비로움을 더했다.
1980년대 중반 구화산 관광이 초기 단계에 있던 시기, <서유기>의 촬영과 방영은 구화산을 전국적으로 알리는 계기가 되었으며 지역 주민의 자부심도 크게 높였다.