九华山大断裂是南北向长33千米,东西向宽10-100米的破碎带。断裂带两侧岩块的错位运动产生次生构造应力场,使断裂带两盘岩石出现节理网络,称为伴生节理,分别是东西向和南北向的两组剪压性节理。九华山大断裂带和两组节理就是九华山花岗岩地形发育的断控节理构造,流水、冰雪、风、重力沿断控节理构造,差异性剥蚀风化剥离九华山花岗岩,塑造出多尺度、多类型的山丘盆地形与花岗岩奇峰异石。
Jiuhuashan Great Fracture is a shuttered zone, 33km long from south to north ,10-100m wide from east to west. The displacement movement of rocks on both sides of the fault zone generates secondary tectonic stress field , causing two sets of rocks of the fault zone to have joints network, called accompanying joints: two groups of shearing compressional joints respectively in east-west direction and in south-north direction. Jiuhuashan Great Fault Zone and two groups of joints are resulted from Jiuhuashan granite landform. Jiuhuashan granite is peeled off through differential erosion and weathering of running water, ice snow, wind and gravity along joint structure, creating diverse mountain-hill-basin terrain and bizarre granite peaks and rocks.
中国著名唐代诗人李白不仅命名了九华山,留下传颂至今的九华山诗篇,且有众多的生活游览遗迹。
A Chinese famous poet in Tang Dynasty Li Bai not only lived and named Jiuhuashan, but also left Jiuhuashan poems eulogized so far and numerous living sites.
太白井:
李白烹泉品茗取水处,宋代开凿成井。太白井为花岗岩裂隙水汇集而成,是典型的基岩裂隙井水,水质优良,常年pH值7.2(弱碱水)。
Taibai Well
Taibai Well is a place where Li Bai got water for drinking tea and was dug into a well in Song Dynasty. Taibai Well collects from granite fissures water which is typical bedrock fissure well water and of good quality with a perennial pH value of 7.2 (alkalescent water).
太白书堂是由李白隐居九华山时(公元755年)的3间茅屋于南宋(公元1237年)改建而成,在原有的基础上保留徽派建筑风格,以纪念李白游九华山。现为九华山重要的人文景观,是瞻仰李白与文人会聚的重要场地。 Taibai Book Hall
Taibai Book Hall, a famous landscape and meeting site of literary intellectuals, is of Huizhou architecture for memorizing Li Bai who visited and stayed in Jiuhuashan in A.D.755. It is a reconstruction of the southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1237) three thatched cottages which Li Bai lived.
古银杏:
树龄1200余岁,传为李白种植。银杏树又名白果树,是第四纪冰川遗留的最古老的裸子植物之一,植物界的“活化石”,世界珍贵树种。
Ancient Gingko biloba
Ancient Gingko biloba, over 1200 years old, is said to be planted by Li Bai. Gingko biloba is also called as maidenhair tree and one of the oldest gymnosperms left after the Quaternary glacier. It is a “Living Fossil” in the plant kingdom and precious tree in the world.
九华老街始建于1600年前,以化城寺为中心的寺庙、徽派建筑自西向东沿串珠状池塘、溪谷展布,街长1370米。数十座历史悠久的寺庙、上百家店铺与民房构成僧俗共处,农-商-禅交融的文化景观,是九华山人文景观荟萃之地,九华山地质公园的璀璨明珠。
Jiuhua Old Street
Jiuhua Old Street: 1370m in length and built up 1600 years ago, consisting of the long historical temples and Huizhou houses and shops distributing from west to east along a toruliform pond valley. The Huacheng temple is its center. All of these buildings and their environment demonstrate a wonderful cultural landscape reflecting the co-existence between monks and laymen and a coordination of agriculture, business and zen. It is a unique treasure of Jiuhuashan Geopark.
(1)在200多万年前的第四纪冰川时期,九华山被埋在银白色的冰雪之下,年复一年,冰雪越积越多、越积越厚,于是巨大的固体冰流顺着山坡缓缓向下,它以巨大的创造力量,对它所经过的山坡、谷壁进行刻蚀,就留下了许许多多的冰川地貌景观。
Jiuhua Cirque and Evolution of Settlements
The Jiuhuashan was a mountain glacier in Quaternary period over two million years ago. It made some of the special landscapes called as glacial relics like the toruliform pond valley and glacial debris.
九华镇的三面环山、半圆斗状地形、串珠状池塘谷地的花岗岩地形视为第四纪古冰斗遗迹。九华山开山祖寺——化城寺于池塘(放生池)高坡处首建,后有月身宝殿、祇园寺、旃檀林、上禅堂等国家重点寺院,与顺串珠状池塘溪谷两岸线性展布的徽派楼宇民居构成九华老街,建筑庙宇寺院向山顶和平坦盆地周边扩展。这是展现地质地貌与寺院建筑融合的经典范例。
Toruliform Pond Valley and Architectural Layout of Buddhist TemplesThe granitic landscape of Jiuhua Town is considered to be a relic of the Quaternary paleo-cirque characteristic of mountains in three sides and a semicircular bucket shape with a toruliform pond valley. As the oldest temple here, the Huacheng Temple was built up on the high slope of the pond, which is now a free life pond. Then the national key-protected temples like Huacheng Temple, Flesh Palace, Qiyuan Temple, Zhantan Forest, Shangchan Hall, etc. were built. Jiuhua Old Street is composed of these temples and Huizhou residential houses distributing along the banks of the toruliform pond valley. The temples have been gradually moved from the cirque’s center to the top of the mountain and neighboring terrain. It is a classic example which displays coordinating relationship between the Buddhist temple architecture and geological topography.