景点列表添加景点

（1）什么是地质公园？
地质公园是以具有特殊地质科学意义、稀有自然属性、较高美学观赏价值，及一定规模和分布范围的地质遗迹景观为主体，并融合其它自然景观与人文景观而构成的一种独特的自然区域。它既是为人们提供高质量观光游览、度假休闲、保健疗养、文化娱乐的场所，又是地质遗迹景观和生态环境的重点保护区、地质科学研究与普及的基地。
What is Geopark ?
The Geopark is distinct natural area composed of geosite landscape of a certain scale and distribution with special geological significance, rare natural attribute and higher aesthetic appreciation value, and other natural landscapes and cultural landscapes. The Geopark is not only a place for people to provide high-quality sightseeing, vacation and leisure, health care and entertainment, but also a key protected area of geosite landscape and ecological environment, a base for geological scientific research and popularization.
（2）为什么要建设地质公园？
建立地质公园具有重要意义，主要目的有三个：①保护地质遗迹及其环境；②促进科普教育和科学研究工作的开展；③合理开发地质遗迹资源，促进所在地区社会经济的可持续发展。
Why should we build the Geopark?
The establishment of Geopark is of great significance. There are three main purposes. The first is to protect geosites and environment. The second is to promote the development of science popularization and scientific research. The third is to rationally develop geosite resources and promote the sustainable development of local social economy.

（3）地质公园等级划分Geopark Classification

广西东兰国家地质公园简介 Introduction to Donglan National Geopark of Guangxi Province
东兰国家地质公园，位于广西东兰县西南部，地处云贵高原的南部边缘，总面积为174.1km2，是以喀斯特地貌景观为主，砂岩地貌景观为辅的地质公园。园区内喀斯特峰丛密布，孤峰和残丘散落其中，东兰人民在群山环抱的岩溶盆地上耕作居住，形成了优美的田园风光。
Covering an area of 174.1km2, Donglan National Geopark is located in the southeast of Donglan County, Guangxi province and in the southern margin of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. It is a geopark characterized by karst landform and scattered with sandstone landform. Dotted with isolated peaks and monadnock, there are also dense karst peak clusters within the geopark. The people of Donglan County live and cultivate in karst basin surrounded by mountains. What an exquisite rural scenery! 
公园范围内发育有规模庞大的天坑群和数量众多的穿洞群，河流在山峰与盆地之间来回穿梭，形成了千姿百态的伏流和溶洞景观。此外，公园内还保存有重要地质剖面、生物化石及大量的构造变形行迹等地质遗迹，具有重要的科学研究价值。东兰国家地质公园也是一座天然的科普博物馆，革命先辈们在天然的岩溶洞穴中开展农民运动讲习，造就了独特的红色文化，是自然与人文的完美结合。
There developed vast scale of Tiankeng groups, a large number of karst caves (Chuangdong) within the geopark and rivers run between peaks and basins, forming a landscape of underground rivers and karst caves. Besides, there also reserved geoheritages, such as geological profiles, fossils and a large number of tectonic deformation traces, which are of great scientific value. Donglan National Geopark is also a natural science museum, where revolutionists conducted peasant revolutionary movement lectures and study in these natural karst caves. This unique red culture combines humanism and natural scenery perfectly. 
优美的自然景观、丰富的旅游资源、悠久的历史文化使东兰国家地质公园成为集休闲、娱乐、养生、学习于一体的人间天堂。
Because of its beautiful landscape, abundant tourism resources, long history and culture, Donglan National Geopark can be a paradise on earth, which integrated leisure, entertainment, health maintenance with study.

东兰国家地质公园有哪些地质遗迹？ What are the geoheritages in Donglan National Geopark? 
东兰国家地质公园是以喀斯特地貌为主体景观的地质公园，主要地质遗迹景观有42处，其中国家级地质遗迹点4处，省级地质遗迹点14处，省级以下的地质遗迹点24处。地质遗迹具有规模大、数量多、代表性强、研究价值高等特点。
 Characterized by karst landscape, Donglan National Geopark has 42 main geoheritages, among which, 4 are of national level, 14 are provincial geoheritages and the rest 24 are sub-provincial level. All of those geoheritages are featured by large scale, large quantity, typical representativeness and high scientific value.

（1）什么是喀斯特？What is karst?
喀斯特即岩溶，是水对可溶性岩石进行以化学溶蚀作用为主，流水冲蚀、潜蚀和崩塌等机械作用为辅的地质作用，以及由这些作用所产生的现象的总称。由喀斯特作用所造成的地貌，称喀斯特地貌（岩溶地貌）。
Karstification, is mainly the chemical corrosion of water to soluble rocks, together with other geological processes, such as water erosion, suffosionand collapse. It is also a collective name for all phenomena arising from those processes. The landforms resulting from karstification is called karst landform.


（2）喀斯特地貌的形成条件 Forming conditions of karst landform
（一）岩石具有可溶性Soluble rocks
可溶性岩石是喀斯特地貌发育的物质基础，主要为灰岩、白云岩及泥灰岩等。
Soluble rocks are the material base of karst landform development, mainly includes limestone, dolomite and marl, etc.
（二）岩石具有裂隙 Rocks with fractures
孔隙和裂隙是流动水下渗的主要渠道。岩石裂隙越大，岩石的透水性越强，溶蚀作用越显著，喀斯特地貌发育越完整，并且形成一个不断扩大的循环网。
Flowing water mainly permeates along pores and fractures. 
Karstification is related to fractures, larger fractures cause more obvious karstification because of the better water permeability, which will lead to better developed karst landform. And this circle process can be continuously extended.
（三）水具有溶蚀能力 Water with dissolution capacity 
水的溶蚀能力来源于二氧化碳（CO2）与水结合形成的碳酸（H2CO3），二氧化碳是喀斯特地貌形成的功臣。
The dissolution capacity of water comes from carbonic acid (H2CO3), which is the combination of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water. Carbon dioxide is the key element related to karst landform. 
下面几个化学方程式反映了岩溶作用的进行：
The following chemical equations record the process of karstification: 
①H2O + CO2=H2CO3； ( formation of carbonic acid)
②H2CO3=H+ + HCO3－；（The dissociation of carbonic acid, to produce H+)
③H++CaCO3=HCO3－+Ca2+;（H+ reacts with CaCO3 to produce HCO3－，so that CaCO3 can be dissolved）
（四）水具有流动性 Water with mobility
流动的水溶蚀性更强烈，因为水中的二氧化碳需要得到及时的补充，水的溶蚀作用才能顺利进行，水的溶蚀能力才得以巩固加强。同时，流动的水带动河底砂砾对岩石进行机械侵蚀，更有利于岩溶作用的深入。
Flowing water has better solubility, in that the carbon dioxide in flowing water can be supplied timely and only with enough carbon dioxide, dissolution can proceed smoothly. In this case the dissolution capacity of water can be strengthened. Meanwhile, the flowing water can drive the sand and gravels at the bottom of the river to erode the rock mechanically, which will contribute to intensive karstification. 

东兰地区地质演化历程 Geological evolution history of Donglan region 
东兰县及其邻区，在二叠纪及以前（距今约2.5亿年）处于浅海和海陆过渡环境，沉积了厚达3000多米的碳酸盐岩（主要为灰岩和白云岩）及少量碎屑岩（砂岩、泥岩等）；三叠纪（距今约2.5~2.08亿年）因被巨厚的复理石沉积（水下泥石流）淹没而消亡，结束了海相沉积的历史，进入陆相演化阶段。
In and before the Permian (250 million years ago), Donglan county and its surrounding areas were in shallow marine and marine-continental transitional environment, and deposited carbonate rocks up to more than 3000m thick (mainly limestone and dolomite) and some clastic rocks (sandstone and mudstone, etc.). During the Triassic period (about 250 to 208 million years ago), filled with very thick flysch sediments (subaqueous debris flows), the marine deposition history was over and turned into the continental evolution stage. 
侏罗纪-新近纪（距今约2.08亿年~258万年），区域上发生了较大规模的构造运动，沉睡于海底的巨厚岩层露出水面，形成陆地，并产生了大量的褶皱、断裂，为后来形成喀斯特地貌创造了有利的条件。
In the Jurassic and Neogene (208 million years ago to 2.58 million years ago), there was a large scale tectonic movement happened in this region, as a result, the very thick strata in the bottom of the sea exposed the sea to become continent and formed a lot of folds and faults, which created advantaged conditions for karst formation.
从第四纪（距今约258万年）开始，地壳发生了多次抬升运动，构造继续发育。在雨水、生物等自然营力的精雕细琢下，形成了如今的峰丛洼地，孤峰、田园散布其中，穿洞、溶洞发育的喀斯特地貌景观。
From the Quaternary ( 2.58 million years ago), there was a series of crust uplift movements happened. Structures continued developing . Under the natural agents of rainwater and creatures, there formed karst landform with widely developed karst caves, dotted with peak clusters depressions, isolated peaks and fields.

东兰地区以石炭-三叠系地层分布最广，泥盆系地层零星出露，这些地层的沉积古环境以海相为主，海陆过渡相次之，陆相地层很少。岩性主要为碳酸盐岩（主要为灰岩、白云岩等），另有少量碎屑岩（砂岩、泥岩、复理石等）。
The Carboniferous - Triassic strata were the most widely distributed in Donglan region, with the Devonian strata outcropping sporadically. The sedimentary paleoenvironment of these strata is mainly marine facies, with some marine and continental transitional facies strata and few continental strata. The lithology is mainly carbonate rock (mainly limestone, dolomite, etc.), and a small amount of clastic rock (sandstone, mudstone, flysch, etc.).
区域位于“广西山字型构造”前弧西翼中段，以北西向构造和旋卷构造为主，东西向构造片段局部隐现。这些构造带及其派生的构造形迹形成极为复杂的区域构造。

The region is located in the middle section of front arc west wing of Guangxi epsilon- type structure, dominated by NW trending structure and convolute structure. The east-west tectonic section exposed partially. These tectonic belts and their associated structural features formed extremely complex regional structures.大规模的碳酸盐岩是形成喀斯特地貌的物质基础，各种构造面（断层、节理、层面等）为喀斯特地貌发育提供条件，湿润多雨的气候是雕琢大地的一双巧手。
Large-scale carbonate rocks are the material basis of the formation of karst landform. All kinds of structure planes (fault, joint, stratum, etc.) provide conditions for karst landscape development. The humid and rainy climate caves the earth.

列宁岩是一个天然的岩溶洞穴，洞口高43m，宽64m，洞深137m。列宁岩所在山体岩性为以灰岩为主的可溶性碳酸盐岩，溶洞由具有溶蚀性的地下水沿岩石裂隙长期溶蚀及其引起的崩塌形成。地层产状近水平，洞顶沿层面发生坍塌，故形成平坦的洞顶。洞内发育有石柱、石钟乳、石笋、石幔及边石坝等洞穴沉积物，洞口石钟乳下部朝洞口外弯曲生长，呈现出向光性，是由于附着在石钟乳表面的生物趋光生长所致。洞口及洞内的植被也呈现出向光性，整体向洞口外弯曲生长。此外，洞内边部有大量崩塌堆积体，是洞顶洞壁发生坍塌所致。洞内岩壁上可见小型褶皱及断裂构造。
Lenin rock is a natural karst cave, the cave of which is 43 m high, 64 m wide and 137 m deep. The lithology of the mountain where Lenin rock lies is soluble carbonate rocks, mainly consisting of limestone. This karst cave is formed by long-term corrosion from the underground water along rock fractures and the collapse caused by it. The stratum is near horizontal, and the cave roof collapses along the stratum, then formed the flat roof. There developed stone pillars, stalactites, stalagmites, curtains, rimstone dams and other cave deposits in the cave. Because of the phototaxis of creatures on the surface of the stalactite, the lower part of the stalactite at the mouth of the cave bends toward the cave mouth, which is called phototropism.. The plant vegetation in the cave or at the cave mouth presents phototaxis, grows toward the cave mouth as a whole. Besides, there are also a lot of collapse deposit, caused by the collapse of the cave wall and its roof. Small folds and faults can be seen on the cave wall.

天宝山穿洞位于天宝山中部，洞口正面近似正方形，边长约20m。穿洞所在岩体为碳酸盐岩，由最初的地溶洞经进一步崩塌溶蚀及地壳抬升露出地表形成。穿洞顶部平坦，底部倾斜，北高南低。北侧洞口可见石钟乳，钟乳石表现出向光性；洞底有崩塌堆积体，为洞壁及洞顶发生崩塌所致。洞内生长有植被。天宝山下有一段伏流，正面可见伏流的入水口。
The Tianbaoshan karst cave is located in the center of the mountain. the cave mouth from the front is approximately square, the side of which is about 20 m long. The lithology of this karst cave is carbonate rock, formed by further corrosion and collapse of the earlier karst caves, and later crust uplift. With the north higher than the south, the top of the cave is flat and the bottom inclines. There are stalactites in the north side of the cave mouth, which grow toward the light. There are collapse deposits at the bottom of the cave, causing by the collapse of the cave wall and the cave roof.  There also grows vegetation in the cave. And there is a part of underground river in Tianbaoshan, from the front side, its water inlet of which can be seen.

坡锐天坑位于泗孟田园东面不到两公里的峰丛之中，是东兰天坑群的典型代表。洞口直径约90余米，洞深422m，是由地下溶洞顶部经多次坍塌直至裸露出地面而形成的深井状或桶状负地貌，为目前国内已知深度最深天坑第四名。天坑底部有伏流发育，且有崩塌物堆积。山体上部发育一小型溶洞，溶洞另一端与天坑相连，在洞口可听见天坑坠石的声音。 Porui Tiankeng, located in the peak cluster which is less than 2 kmfrom the east of Simeng Field, is a typical representative of the Tiankeng group in Donglan. The mouth of the cave is about 90 m in diameter and 422 m deep. Ranked as the fourth deepest cave in China so far, it is formed by repeated collapse of the top of underground karst caves and then exposed to form a landscape shaped like a deep well or bucket. At the bottom of the Tiankeng, there are underground river and collapse deposits .A small karst cave is developed at the top of the mountain. The other side of the cave is connected with Tiankeng, and from the mouth of the cave, the sound of falling stone in Tiankeng can be heard.

兰木组标准剖面位于东兰国家地质公园兰木地区，由原广西石油普查大队陆中求等人于1961年命名。岩性为细砂岩、粉砂岩夹泥岩或互层组成复理石、类复理石韵律层；沉积构造复杂，常见各种不完整的鲍马序列、底模构造及流动变形构造；富含菊石、角石及双壳类等生物化石。兰木组的发现为解译桂西北地区泥盆纪-三叠纪岩相古地理格局及碳酸盐岩的形成与消亡时间提供了重要证据。
The standard profile of Lanmu formation, named by Lu Zhongqiu and others from the former Guangxi Petroleum Census Group in 1961, is located in Lanmu area of Donglan National Geopark, the lithology of which is fine sandstone, siltstone interbedded with mudstone, flysch, flyschoid cyclothem, with complex sedimentary structure, and various incomplete Baoma Sequences, bottom cast structure and flow deformation structure are common. Rich in ammonites, hornstones and bivalves and other biological fossils. The discovery of the Lanmu formation provides important evidence for interpreting the Devonian – Triassic lithofacies paleogeography pattern and the formation & extinction time of carbonate rocks in Northwest Guangxi.

东兰烈士陵园位于东兰县城西更闹坡上，占地面积220亩。设有一塔、一墓、一碑、三园、一馆、一广场等纪念建筑设施。即：革命烈士纪念塔、韦拔群烈士墓、解放军第四野战军纪念碑、将军园、功德园、铭记园、韦拔群纪念馆和拔群广场等。
东兰烈士陵园始称“韦拔群烈士陵园”，1956年4月，为缅怀先烈，抚慰忠魂，教育后人，东兰县委决定建造“韦拔群烈士陵园”，中央人民政府为此拨了20万元建园专款，1957年12月工程竣工时改为“革命烈士公园”，占地面积94.7亩，园内设：大门亭廊、仿古排门、农军战斗群雕、革命烈士纪念馆、革命烈士纪念塔、韦拔群烈士陵墓、纪念亭、解放军第四野战军纪念碑、纪念活动广场等纪念建筑设施。1963年2月广西壮族自治区人民政府把“革命烈士公园”列为自治区重点文物保护单位；1986年10月，国务院把“革命烈士公园”列为全国第一批重点烈士纪念建筑物保护单位，园名更为“东兰烈士陵园”；1995年至2008年先后被列为自治区爱国主义教育基地、全国青少年教育基地、广西党员干部教育基地。
2009年是韦拔群诞辰115周年。为弘扬拔群精神，造福老区人民，东兰县委、县政府于2007年11月5日动工扩建东兰烈士陵园，整个工程占地120亩，建设项目由韦拔群纪念馆、拔群广场、将军园、铭记园、功德园等几个部分组成，2009年11月5日建成并对外开放。2010年以来，东兰烈士陵园先后被列入全国红色旅游经典景区第一批名录，被确定为国家AAAA级旅游景区、国家国防教育示范基地、全国民族团结进步教育基地、全国文明优抚事业单位、广西民族团结进步教育示范基地、广西领导干部红色体验与党性教育现场教学基地、广西中共党史教育基地、广西廉政教育基地、河池市十佳旅游景区、广西大学政治学院教育教学实践基地等。

韦拔群（1894—1932），壮族。东兰县武篆镇东里村人。他是中国新民主主义革命时期著名农民运动领袖，百色起义领导人，第七军和右江革命根据地的创建者，中华苏维埃共和国中央执行委员会委员，早年为党为国捐躯的人民军队杰出将领，为新中国成立作出突出贡献的人民英模。早年参加贵州护国讨袁军，毕业于贵州讲武堂。1920年加入“改造广西同志会”任政治部副组长。1921年起在东兰领导农民运动，1923年指挥农军三打东兰县城。1925年进入广州第三届农民运动讲习所学习，毕业后回东兰开办农讲所，领导右江农民运动。1926年11月加入中国共产党。1929年12月参与领导百色起义，任红七军前委委员、第三纵队队长、右江苏维埃政府委员等职，率部在东凤等地区开展土地革命和根据地的各项建设。后任第二十一师和独立第三师师长、中华苏维埃共和国临时中央政府执行委员会委员等职。1931年春至1932年9月领导右江军民开展三次反“围剿”斗争。1932年10月19日在西山被叛徒杀害，牺牲时年仅38岁。

韦拔群纪念馆位于东兰县烈士陵园内，于2009年11月建成开馆，占地30亩，建筑面积约7200平方米。纪念馆长129米，宽71米，高28米，共三层。馆内陈列布展一个序厅和八个展厅，展览面积达3500平方米，共陈列布展文物史料1000多件。展厅通过大量的图片、文字资料展览，充分运用声、光、电、多媒体、幻影成像、壁画、雕塑、油画、场景复原等手段再现历史真实场面，清晰详细地介绍了韦拔群一生的革命斗争历史及为党为人民所作出的牺牲和贡献，再现邓小平、张云逸、韦拔群等革命领导人领导左右江革命的丰功伟绩，展示革命先烈抛头颅、洒热血，冲锋陷阵、英勇奋斗，用生命和鲜血谱写民族民主革命的壮丽篇章。2010年被列为“广西壮族自治区爱国主义教育基地”； 2012年被列为“国家国防教育示范基地”。