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敢沫岩又称黎明通天河，中国地质学会洞穴研究会会长朱学稳教授于2004年为敢沫岩提名，“敢沫”在壮语中的即为“有水的溶洞”。是以地下河为主干的洞穴系统，有6个洞口、上-中-下3层，属通道厅堂结合式岩溶洞穴，以地下河通道串联洞穴大厅。敢沫岩规模宏大、气势壮观，洞内的化学沉积物种类齐全，与其他溶洞对比，敢沫岩洞穴大厅面积大、高度高，洞内地质遗迹丰富且珍贵，具有较高的科学价值和美学价值。

Ganmoyan is also known as Liming Tongtian river. Professor Zhu Xuewen, the president of the Cave Research Association of Geological Society of China, inscribed Chinese characters “Gan Mo Yan” in 2004 at the entrance of Ganmoyan. “Ganmo” means a karst cave with water in Zhuang. It is a cave system with underground rivers as its main part and has 6 holes divided into 3 layers of upper-middle-lower. It is a comprehensive karst cave with cave passages and halls. The Ganmoyan is magnificent and spectacular, with a variety of chemical deposits in it. Compared with other caves, the Ganmoyan cave hall is large and its height is high. The geosites in the cave are rich and precious, with high scientific and aesthetic value.

石笋是洞底由下而上生长的钟乳石，是洞顶滴水在洞底沉淀形成的形如春笋的次生化学沉积物。敢沫岩洞穴内的石笋群，呈典型的棕榈状，20m以上的石笋多达26根，质地如玉，在全国范围内的洞穴实属罕见，是洞厅较高、水流流速较快时由滴水和飞溅水综合作用形成的，是溶洞内协同沉积的典型代表。

Stalagmites grow upward at the bottom of the cave. They are secondary chemical deposits shaped like bamboo shoots in spring formed by dripping water from the top of the cave. The stalagmites in Ganmoyan cave are typical palm-shaped. There are as many as 26 jade-like stalagmites over 20m, which is rare in caves all over the country. Stalagmite group is a typical representative of synergetic deposition in the cave formed by combined actions of dripping water and splashing water.

边石坝是由洞底流水成因的景观，当富含钙离子的水流经凹凸不平的洞底时，在凸起处流态改变，水中CO₂逸出，碳酸钙沉淀下来形成边石，久而久之形成一系列凸向水流方向的弧形阶梯状蓄水池。敢沫岩溶洞内的边石坝以“壮乡梯田”为代表，放眼望去，层层叠叠，高低错落。

The rimstone dam is a landscape caused by flowing water at the bottom of the cave. When calcium ion-rich water flows through the uneven bottom of the cave, the flow state changes at the bulge, the CO₂ in the water escapes, and the calcium carbonate precipitates to form rimstone. A series of curved and stepped reservoirs toward the water direction is formed. The rimstone dam in the Ganmoyan karst cave is represented by the “Zhuang terraces”.

石柱是岩溶洞穴中由石笋和钟乳石相向生长，对接形成的柱状体。敢沫岩入口处石柱高约30m，直径约7m，蔚为壮观，形似凤凰展翅迎接前来游览的客人，故而得名凤凰迎宾。

The Stone pillar is a columnar body from the ceiling to the floor of a karst cave. It is formed when a stalactite and a stalagmite meet. At the entrance to Ganmoyan cave, the spectacular stone pillar looks like a phoenix spreading its wings to welcome guests, is about 30m high and 7m in diameter, hence the name “Phoenix Welcoming Guests”.

布洛陀神像是由滴水和流水作用形成的次生化学沉积物，其外围被流石覆盖形成大型的堆状石笋。石笋神似壮族神话中的创世神布洛陀，正襟危坐，神情肃穆，栩栩如生，具有极高的美学价值。

Baeuqloxgdoh statue is a secondary chemical deposit formed by the effect of dripping water and flowing water. Its periphery is covered by flowstones to form large piles of stalagmites. The stalagmites are like the Creator Baeuqloxgdoh in the Zhuang mythology, sitting properly, solemn, lifelike, and have very high aesthetic value.

云盆是洞底流水与滴水共同作用形成的圆形或浑圆形盘状次生化学沉积物景观，分布在较为开阔的溶洞中，顶面大致位于一个水平面上，常和边石坝相伴而生。“五谷丰登”面积约为5m²，是敢沫岩内的代表性景点之一。

Lily pad is a round or near-round secondary chemical sedimentary landscape which is distributed in a relatively open cave and formed by the combined effect of flowing water and dripping water. The top surface is roughly on a horizontal plane, often accompanied by a rimstone dam. “A Golden harvest” covers an area of about 5m² and is one of the representative scenic spots in Ganmoyan.

由于地下伏流的侵蚀，洞穴发育并伴随崩塌。地下河水不断搬运大量的崩塌堆积物，洞穴空间逐渐扩大。随着地下河的继续发育，顶板因局部崩塌形成竖井状垂直洞道，甚至塌至地表，从而形成天窗。九九洞天为天窗，是地下伏流“通天河河道”的透光部位，向上连通到地表。洞道蜿蜒曲折，长约99m，通至山顶。

Due to the erosion of the subterranean river, the cave was developed with rockfalls. The underground river constantly carried a lot of collapse deposits, and the cave space gradually expanded. As the underground river continued to develop, a vertical shaft was formed by partial collapse of the cave ceiling. When the ceiling collapsed, a karst window was formed. The Deep cave karst window is the light-through part of the subterranean river Tongtian river watercourse and connects up to the surface. The tunnel wanders to the top of the mountain, about 99m long.

伏流也叫暗河，因岩溶作用在大面积石灰岩地区形成的溶洞和地下通道中，是具有河流主要特征的水流。主要在喀斯特发育中期形成，其发育及形态常受地质构造及裂隙的控制。通天河河道为敢沫岩内的伏流，河道两岸石笋林立，石幔成帘；石钟乳琳琅满目，千姿百态。

Subterranean river is also called the underground river occurring in karst caves and underground passages formed by karstification in the large limestone area. It is mainly formed in the middle stage of karst development, and its development and morphology are often controlled by geological structures and fissures. The Tongtian river watercourse is the subterranean river in the Ganmoyan. There are many stalagmites on both sides of the river. The stalactites spread everywhere in different shapes

“金银双塔”为两根并排生长的石笋，石笋基底相连，最小间距不足1m，两根石笋高度均为35m，直径为2m。由滴水和飞溅水综合作用形成的“棕榈片”多向斜上方生长，平均延展长度为0.7m，平均厚度为0.2m，石笋体形高大且美观，是敢沫岩棕榈状石笋的典型代表。

Gold and silver twin towers are two stalagmites growing abreast, with their bases connected, and their minimum spacing is less than 1 m. Both of stalagmites are about 35 m high and 2 m in diameter. The "palm laminae" formed by the combination of dripping water and splashing water grew at an oblique angle with an average extension length of 0.7 m and an average thickness of 0.2 m. The stalagmite is tall and beautiful, and is a typical representative of the palm-shaped stalagmites in Ganmoyan.

（1）什么是地质公园？

地质公园是以具有特殊地质科学意义、稀有自然属性、较高美学观赏价值，具有一定规模和分布范围，以地质遗迹景观为主体，并融合其它自然景观与人文景观而构成的一种独特的自然区域。它既是高质量观光游览、度假休闲、保健疗养、文化娱乐的场所，也是地质遗迹景观和生态环境的重点保护区、地质科学研究与普及的基地。

(1) What is Geopark?

Geopark, a unique natural area with special geological scientific significance, rare natural properties and higher aesthetic value, has geosites with a certain scale and distribution range. It is not only a place for high-quality sightseeing, holiday, health care, cultural entertainment, but also a key protection area for geosite landscape and ecological environment, and a base for geological research and popularization.

（2）为什么要建设地质公园？

建立地质公园具有重要意义，主要目的有三个： = 1 \* GB3 ①保护地质遗迹及其环境； = 2 \* GB3 ②促进科普教育和科学研究工作的开展； = 3 \* GB3 ③合理开发地质遗迹资源，促进所在地区社会经济的可持续发展。

(2) Why shall We Build Geopark?

It’s significant to build geoparks. There are three main reasons: ①protecting geosites and environment. ②facilitating the development of popular science education and scientific researches. ③developing the geosites reasonably, promoting sustainable development of local social economy.

（3）地质公园等级划分

(3) The Classification of Geopark

世界地质公园，联合国教科文组织审批

国家地质公园，自然资源部审批

省级地质公园，省（自治区）自然资源厅审批

UNESCO Global Geopark, approved by UNESCO

National Geopark, approved by Ministry of Natural Resources

Provincial Geopark, approved by Provincial Department of Natural Resources 

1.什么是地质遗迹？

地质遗迹是指在地球演化的漫长地质历史时期，由于内外动力地质作用，形成、发展并遗留下来的珍贵的、不可再生的地质自然遗产。

1. What is Geosite?

Geosite refers to the valuable and nonrenewable natural heritages formed, developed and left behind by both endogenic and exogenic geological processes during the long geological history of the earth’s evolution.

2. 广西平果平治河岩溶自治区级地质公园地质遗迹

2. Geosites of Pingguo Pingzhi River Karst Autonomous Region-level Geopark, Guangxi[魏1] 

地质公园内地质遗迹丰富、类型多样、特色鲜明，含5大类、8个类、8个亚类共计52个地质遗迹点。

Pingguo Pingzhi River Karst Autonomous Region-level Geopark has abundant, diverse and distinctive geosites, including 52 geosites of 5 main categories, 8 categories and 8 sub-categories.

公园主要地质遗迹类型

Main geosites of the Geopark

广西平果平治河岩溶自治区级地质公园位于广西壮族自治区百色市平果县北部，地处云贵高原向广西盆地过渡的斜坡地带，红水河中游。公园包括敢沫岩园区和平治河园区两大园区，总面积67.05km²。公园以岩溶地貌和水体景观为主体，以平治河为纽带，串联穿洞、岩溶泉、地下暗河等典型的地质遗迹景观，呈现庞大的洞穴沉积物景观和浓缩的坡立谷地貌为特色遗迹。融红色革命、民族文化、绿色生态和丰富的农田水利遗产于一身，彰显了地质地貌与人类活动和谐的“人地关系”，是集科考、科普、旅游观光和度假休闲于一体的综合性大型地质公园。

Pingguo Pingzhi River Karst Autonomous Region-level Geopark is located in the northern part of Pingguo County, Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is in the slope zone of the transition from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the Guangxi Basin, and in the midstream of the Hongshui river. The Geopark includes two subareas, the Ganmoyan subarea and the Pingzhi river subarea, with a total area of 67.05km². The geopark is dominated by karst landform and water landscape, with the Pingzhi River as the bond which puts typical geosites such as caves, karst springs and underground rivers together. It has characteristic geosites like huge cave sediment landscape and concentrated poljes. The Geopark integrates red revolution, national culture, green ecology and abundant irrigation and water conservancy heritages, and demonstrates the harmonious human-land relationship of geological landform and human activities. It’s a comprehensive and large-scale geopark integrating science research, popular science, tour and sightseeing with vacation.