（1）什么是喀斯特？

喀斯特即岩溶，是水对可溶性岩石进行以化学溶蚀作用为主，流水的冲蚀、潜蚀和崩塌等机械作用为辅的地质作用，以及由这些作用所产生的现象的总称。由喀斯特作用形成的地貌，称喀斯特地貌（岩溶地貌）。“喀斯特”原是南斯拉夫西北部伊斯特拉半岛上的石灰岩高原的地名，那里有发育典型的岩溶地貌。

(1) What is Karst?

Karst refers to the phenomena caused by geological processes such as the dissolution of soluble rocks by chemical dissolution, the erosion of sedimentary water, and mechanical actions like collapse. The landform formed by karst is called karst landform. The “karst” was originally the name of the limestone plateau on the Istrian peninsula in the northwest of Yugoslavia, where there is a typical karst landform.

（2）喀斯特地貌的形成条件

(2) The Formation Conditions of Karst Landform

（一）岩石具有可溶性

Rock has solubility.

可溶性岩石是喀斯特地貌发育的物质基础。公园范围内可溶性岩石主要为灰岩、白云岩及泥灰岩等。

Soluble rock is the material basis for the formation of karst landform. The soluble rocks within the Geopark are mainly limestone, dolomite and marlstone.

（二）岩石具有裂隙

Rock has fissures.

岩石具有一定的孔隙和裂隙，它们是流动水下渗的主要通道。岩石裂隙越大，岩石的透水性越强，溶蚀作用越显著，喀斯特地貌发育越完整，并且形成一个不断扩大的循环网。

Rocks have certain pores and fissures which are the main channels for infiltration of running water. The greater the fissures are, the stronger the permeability of the rock is. The more obvious the dissolution is, the more complete the development of karst landform is. And then a continuously expanding circulation network is formed.

（三）水具有溶蚀能力

Water has the capacity for dissolution.

水的溶蚀能力来源于二氧化碳（CO₂）与水结合形成的碳酸（H₂CO₃），二氧化碳是喀斯特地貌形成的功臣。

Dissolution of water depends on the carbonic acid formed by combination of water with carbon dioxide which is the hero of the formation of karst landform.

下面几个化学方程式反映了岩溶作用的进行：

The following chemical equations reflect the progress of karst:

①
        H₂O + CO₂=H₂CO₃；（形成碳酸）(Formation of carbonic acid)

② H₂CO₃=H⁺ + HCO₃^－；（碳酸离解生成H⁺）(H⁺ is formed by the dissociation of carbonic acid)

③ H⁺+CaCO₃=HCO₃^－+Ca²⁺;（H⁺与CaCO₃反应生成HCO₃^－，从而使CaCO₃溶解）(The reaction of H⁺ with calcite generates bicarbonate, leading to the dissolution of calcite)

（四）水具有流动性

Water has fluidity.

流动的水溶蚀性更强烈一些，因为水中的二氧化碳需要得到及时的补充，水的溶蚀作用才能顺利进行，水的溶蚀能力才得以巩固加强。同时，流动的水带动河底砂砾对岩石进行机械侵蚀，这样更有利于岩溶作用的深入。

The flowing water is more corrosive. Due to the replenishment of carbon dioxide timely, the dissolution of water can proceed smoothly and the dissolution ability can be consolidated and strengthened. At the same time, the flowing water drives the river bottom gravels to mechanically erode the rocks, which is more conducive to the deepening of the karst.